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                    <text>Articles de Pasqual Maragall a LA VANGUARDIA

13/08/2007
La Vanguardia, p.013, Opinión

Conectando Catalunya al mundo
PASQUAL MARAGALL y GERMÀ BEL
Un factor principal para el progreso de las ciudades y los territorios en su área de influencia es
la conexión con el resto del mundo. El proceso de globalización ha reforzado la necesidad de
conexión global, para aprovechar las oportunidades que ofrece el aumento de relaciones
económicas, sociales y culturales. Por eso, una conexión amplia y eficiente de los pasajeros y
de las mercancías es determinante de la posición que se ocupa - y que se aspire a ocupar en el
futuro- en el mapa mundial de ciudades. De alguna forma, los aeropuertos se han convertido en
nuestros puentes hacia el futuro; de ahí la gran relevancia de la reflexión pública, social e
institucional, desencadenada sobre la gestión del aeropuerto de El Prat.
El tráfico en los tres aeropuertos comerciales catalanes ha crecido mucho. El caso de Girona es
el más espectacular: desde mediados de los noventa su tráfico se ha multiplicado casi por diez
(¡10!). El crecimiento de Reus ha sido también muy importante, pues el tráfico se ha
multiplicado por tres. Por último, el tráfico de El Prat se ha más que doblado. Todas estas
trayectorias son impresionantes, y nos han hecho cambiar la forma de mirar a los aeropuertos
de Girona y Reus. También han acentuado la relevancia cuantitativa de El Prat en el contexto
europeo, pues ha ido escalando posiciones continuadamente, y es muy probable que acabe el
año en curso como el séptimo aeropuerto con más tráfico en Europa.
El factor más importante en el crecimiento del tráfico ha sido la expansión de las compañías de
bajo coste, que sirven rutas a corta y media distancia, con una oferta de vuelos directos que
excluye la realización de conexiones programadas. Por esto, si bien Barcelona ocupa un lugar
muy alto entre los aeropuertos europeos por tráfico global de pasajeros, su relevancia en las
conexiones a larga distancia - los vuelos intercontinentales- es mucho más reducida y no es
acorde con la dimensión económica y demográfica del área metropolitana y de Catalunya. No
obstante, hay que valorar que haya comenzado a aparecer una cierta oferta intercontinental en
Barcelona: si en verano del 2004 sólo se podía volar a Nueva York, en este mismo verano se
puede volar directamente a cinco aeropuertos de Norteamérica, dos de Sudamérica y uno de
Asia. Y esto a pesar del lastre que supone el que la compañía española dominante haya
renunciado a ofrecer vuelos intercontinentales -¡ni siquiera a Nueva York!-.
La demanda del mercado es relevante, y las oportunidades de negocio en Barcelona han crecido
para las aerolíneas que ofrecen servicios en larga distancia. Esto a pesar de que el ente gestor
del aeropuerto se ha abstenido de llevar a cabo una política comercial de oferta. En este punto
es preciso reconocer la abnegada y útil tarea del Comité de Desarrollo de Rutas Aéreas
(CDRA), creado en el 2005 por la Generalitat de Catalunya, la Cambra de Comerç de
Barcelona y el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, y en el que también participa AENA. Este comité
desarrolla una tarea incansable en la promoción de las oportunidades que ofrece El Prat, y
ofrece una muestra de lo que podría conseguirse si esta tarea- ahora muy voluntarista, dada la
escasa o nula capacidad de gestión existente- pudiera realizarse con instrumentos y capacidades
reforzadas.
Éste es uno de los motivos, entre muchos otros, que exigen avanzar decididamente en la
reforma del modelo de gestión de los aeropuertos españoles. El concepto de red nacional de
aeropuertos es un imposible, porque en la práctica no existe nada que pueda llamarse una red
nacional de aeropuertos. Esta noción es una construcción ideológica -de carácter identitario-

191 de 204

�Articles de Pasqual Maragall a LA VANGUARDIA

dirigida a justificar una situación que no tiene parangón entre el resto de los países
desarrollados comparables: España es el único país con un mercado aéreo importante en que
todos los aeropuertos comerciales se gestionan de forma centralizada. ¡Ni siquiera en Francia lo
hacen así!
Es necesario reconocer que los aeropuertos sirven fundamentalmente a los territorios que están
en su área de influencia. No son instalaciones de bandera ni son pilares fundamentales de la
cohesión nacional,ni española ni catalana. Son equipamientos de transporte con gran potencia
como instrumento de desarrollo territorial, eso sí. De ahí que sea de pura lógica la gestión desde
la proximidad, con un peso especial de las administraciones locales en la competencia de la
gestión. Éste es el modelo normal en el mundo desarrollado. Las fórmulas concretas para la
gestión del aeropuerto pueden y deben ser diferentes en cada caso, y pueden incorporar cuando
sea conveniente diferentes grados de cooperación pública-privada.
La excelente ampliación de instalaciones en curso en El Prat permitirá un gran aumento de la
capacidad de operaciones, lo que es una gran noticia. Y más pronto que tarde este aeropuerto
debe tener una gestión autónoma (sustantivamente autónoma). Sólo esto permitirá asegurar que
el objetivo del gestor aeroportuario sea impulsarlo como gran aeropuerto de la eurorregión
mediterránea, alejando de El Prat el papel de principal alimentador del aeropuerto capital que
han acariciado en algunos momentos los gestores centrales. Es lo mejor que tiene la gestión de
proximidad: ¡garantiza que la prioridad es servir a los ciudadanos próximos! Esto permitirá,
además, reflexionar muy seriamente sobre la necesidad de establecer mecanismos que permitan
coordinar algunos aspectos de la gestión del aeropuerto con la otra gran infraestructura
internacional, el puerto. Dejamos para otro día reflexiones más sustantivas sobre esta última
cuestión.

PASQUAL MARAGALL, ex presidente de la Generalitat de Catalunya
GERMÀ BEL, catedrático de Política Económica

192 de 204

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